IT服务管理的必要理念

IT服务管理的根本目标

• 第一，以用户为中心提供IT服务
• 第二，提供高质量、低成本的服务
• 第三，提供可量化计价的服务。

ITIL高效解决IT服务问题

清晰IT服务质量SLA目标

分析IT服务管理的现状

制定高效的IT服务管理方案

总结

一、Zabbix简介

二、Zabbix安装

yum install epel-release

rpm --import http://repo.zabbix.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX

rpm -Uv http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/2.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-2.4-1.el7.noarch.rpm

yum install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-agent zabbix-java-gateway

vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf

php_value date.timezone Asia/Shanghai

systemctl restart httpd

mysql –u root –p

MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix character set utf8;



MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to 'zabbix'@'localhost' identified by 'zabbix';



MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;

mysql –uzabbix –p

use zabbix

MariaDB [zabbix]> source /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.7/create/schema.sql



MariaDB [zabbix]> source /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.7/create/images.sql



MariaDB [zabbix]> source /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.7/create/data.sql

vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

[...]

DBName=zabbix

[...]

DBUser=zabbix

[...]

DBPassword=zabbix

[...]

vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

[...]



## Line 85 - Specify Zabbix server ##



Server=127.0.0.1



[...]



## Line 126 - Specify Zabbix server ##



ServerActive=127.0.0.1



[...]



## Line 137 - Specify Zabbix server Hostname or IP address ##



Hostname=127.0.0.1



[...]

vi /etc/php.ini

max_execution_time = 600

max_input_time = 600

memory_limit = 256

Mpost_max_size = 32M

upload_max_filesize = 16M

date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10050/tcp

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=10051/tcp

systemctl restart firewalld

setsebool -P httpd_can_connect_zabbix=1

vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf

#

# Zabbix monitoring system php web frontend

#



Alias /zabbix /usr/share/zabbix



<Directory "/usr/share/zabbix">

    Options FollowSymLinks

    AllowOverride None

    Require all granted



    <IfModule mod_php5.c>

        php_value max_execution_time 300

        php_value memory_limit 128M

        php_value post_max_size 16M

        php_value upload_max_filesize 2M

        php_value max_input_time 300

        php_value date.timezone Asia/Shanghai

    </IfModule>

</Directory>



<Directory "/usr/share/zabbix/conf">

    Require all denied

</Directory>



<Directory "/usr/share/zabbix/include">

    Require all denied

</Directory>

systemctl start zabbix-server



systemctl start zabbix-agent



systemctl restart httpd



systemctl restart mariadb



systemctl enable zabbix-server



systemctl enable zabbix-agent  ---- (可选)

一、Install Apache

yum install httpd -y

systemctl start httpd

systemctl enable httpd

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http



systemctl restart firewalld

二、Install MariaDB

yum install mariadb-server mariadb -y

systemctl start mariadb

systemctl enable mariadb

mysql_secure_installation

三、Install PHP

yum install php php-mysql php-gd php-pear -y

vi /var/www/html/testphp.php

<?php 

phpinfo();

?>

systemctl restart httpd

yum install php* -y

四、Install phpMyAdmin (可选)

yum install epel-release

yum install phpmyadmin -y

vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf

<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/>

   AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

 

   <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>

     # Apache 2.4

     <RequireAny>

       Require ip 127.0.0.1

       Require ip ::1

     </RequireAny>

   </IfModule>

   <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>

     # Apache 2.2

     Order Deny,Allow

     Deny from All

     Allow from 127.0.0.1

     Allow from ::1

   </IfModule>

</Directory>

 

<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/setup/>

   <IfModule mod_authz_core.c>

     # Apache 2.4

     <RequireAny>

       Require ip 127.0.0.1

       Require ip ::1

     </RequireAny>

   </IfModule>

   <IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>

     # Apache 2.2

     Order Deny,Allow

     Deny from All

     Allow from 127.0.0.1

     Allow from ::1

   </IfModule>

</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/>

        Options none

        AllowOverride Limit

        Require all granted

</Directory>

vi /etc/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php

systemctl restart httpd

一、安装PHP

# wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.22.tar.bz2

# wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-7.0.7.tar.bz2

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

# CentOS 5

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo



# CentOS 6

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo



# CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

yum clean all

yum makecache

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make cmake bison autoconf wget lrzsz

yum install -y libtool libtool-ltdl-devel 

yum install -y freetype-devel libjpeg.x86_64 libjpeg-devel libpng-devel gd-devel

yum install -y python-devel  patch  sudo 

yum install -y openssl* openssl openssl-devel ncurses-devel

yum install -y bzip* bzip2 unzip zlib-devel

yum install -y libevent*

yum install -y libxml* libxml2-devel

yum install -y libcurl* curl-devel 

yum install -y readline-devel

tar zxvf /libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz \

&& cd /libmcrypt-2.5.8 && ./configure && make && make install && cd - / && rm -rf /libmcrypt* \

&& tar zxvf /mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz && cd mhash-0.9.9.9 && ./configure && make && make install && cd - / && rm -rf /mhash* \

&& tar zxvf /mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz && cd mcrypt-2.6.8 && LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib ./configure && make && make install && cd - / && rm -rf /mcrypt*

configure: WARNING: unrecognized options: --with-mysql

wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-7.0.7.tar.bz2

tar jxvf php-7.0.7.tar.bz2 

cd php-7.0.7



$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-scan-dir=/usr/local/php/etc/ --enable-inline-optimization --enable-opcache --enable-session --enable-fpm --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-pdo-sqlite --with-sqlite3 --with-gettext --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --enable-xml --with-iconv --with-mcrypt --with-mhash --with-openssl --enable-bcmath --enable-soap --with-xmlrpc --with-libxml-dir --enable-pcntl --enable-shmop --enable-sysvmsg --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --enable-sockets --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --with-zlib --enable-zip --with-bz2 --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-readline

 

$ make

$ make install 

--with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www

#如果只需要配置某一个目录可以执行则 设置为on并指定 safe_mode_exec_dir=string目录来执行系统函数。

#本特性已自 PHP 5.3.0 起废弃并将自 PHP 5.4.0 起移除。

safe_mode = off

Build complete.

Don't forget to run 'make test'.



Installing shared extensions:     /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20151012/

Installing PHP CLI binary:        /usr/local/php/bin/

Installing PHP CLI man page:      /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/

Installing PHP FPM binary:        /usr/local/php/sbin/

Installing PHP FPM config:        /usr/local/php/etc/

Installing PHP FPM man page:      /usr/local/php/php/man/man8/

Installing PHP FPM status page:   /usr/local/php/php/php/fpm/

Installing phpdbg binary:         /usr/local/php/bin/

Installing phpdbg man page:       /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/

Installing PHP CGI binary:        /usr/local/php/bin/

Installing PHP CGI man page:      /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/

Installing build environment:     /usr/local/php/lib/php/build/

Installing header files:           /usr/local/php/include/php/

Installing helper programs:       /usr/local/php/bin/

  program: phpize

  program: php-config

Installing man pages:             /usr/local/php/php/man/man1/

  page: phpize.1

  page: php-config.1

Installing PEAR environment:      /usr/local/php/lib/php/

[PEAR] Archive_Tar    - installed: 1.4.0

[PEAR] Console_Getopt - installed: 1.4.1

[PEAR] Structures_Graph- installed: 1.1.1

[PEAR] XML_Util       - installed: 1.3.0

[PEAR] PEAR           - installed: 1.10.1

Wrote PEAR system config file at: /usr/local/php/etc/pear.conf

You may want to add: /usr/local/php/lib/php to your php.ini include_path

/php-7.0.7/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin

ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php/bin/phar

Installing PDO headers:           /usr/local/php/include/php/ext/pdo/



[root@e8ed9b00e80c php-7.0.7]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -m

[PHP Modules]

bcmath

bz2

Core

ctype

curl

date

dom

fileinfo

filter

gd

gettext

hash

iconv

json

libxml

mbstring

mcrypt

mysqli

mysqlnd

openssl

pcntl

pcre

PDO

pdo_mysql

pdo_sqlite

Phar

posix

readline

Reflection

session

shmop

SimpleXML

soap

sockets

SPL

sqlite3

standard

sysvmsg

sysvsem

sysvshm

tokenizer

xml

xmlreader

xmlrpc

xmlwriter

zip

zlib



[Zend Modules]

$ cp php-7.0.7/php.ini* /usr/local/php/etc/



$ cd /usr/local/php/etc/



$ cp php.ini-production php.ini

$ cp php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.conf



$ cp php-fpm.d/www.conf.default php-fpm.d/www.conf



$ ls

pear.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php.ini-development  php.ini-production

# 不显示错误，默认

display_errors = Off



# 在关闭display_errors后开启PHP错误日志（路径在php-fpm.conf中配置），默认

log_errors = On



# 字符集，默认

default_charset = "UTF-8"



# 文件上传大小，默认 

upload_max_filesize = 2M



# 设置PHP的扩展库路径,，默认被注释了。

extension_dir = "/usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20151012/"

# 如果不设置extension_dir，也可以直接写绝对位置：

# extension=/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20151012/redis.so





# 设置PHP的时区

date.timezone = PRC



# 开启opcache，默认是0

[opcache]

; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled

opcache.enable=1

; 去掉里分号，方便以后重启。建议修改

; Default Value: none

; 下面的值最终目录是/usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid

; 开启后可以平滑重启php-fpm

pid = run/php-fpm.pid



; 设置错误日志的路径，可以默认值

; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/php/var

; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log, 即/usr/local/php/var/log/php-fpm.log

error_log = /var/log/php-fpm/error.log



; Log等级，可以默认值

; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug

; Default Value: notice

log_level = notice



; 后台运行，默认yes，可以默认值

; Default Value: yes

;daemonize = yes



; 引入www.conf文件中的配置，可以默认值

include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf

; 设置用户和用户组，默认都是nobody。可以默认值

user = nginx

group = nginx



; 设置PHP监听

; 下面是默认值，不建议使用。可以默认值

; listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

; 根据nginx.conf中的配置fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;

listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock



######开启慢日志。可以默认值

slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/$pool-slow.log

request_slowlog_timeout = 10s

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -t

ln -sf /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/bin/

ln -sf /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/bin/

ln -sf /usr/local/php/bin/phpize /usr/bin/

ln -sf /usr/local/php/bin/php-config /usr/bin/

ln -sf /usr/local/php/bin/php-cig /usr/bin/

echo -e '\nexport PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH\n' >> /etc/profile && source /etc/profile

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm 

useradd www

chown -R www:www /www

ps aux |grep php-fpm # 另外该命令也可以让我们知道fpm的配置文件在哪。

netstat -ant |grep 9000

ps aux | grep -c php-fpm

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm         # php-fpm启动

kill -INT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`      # php-fpm关闭

kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`         #php-fpm重启

killall php-fpm

/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm &

ps aux | grep php-fpm

kill -9  1210  #1210指php-fpm进程id

二、安装Nginx

# 为了支持rewrite功能，我们需要安装pcre

yum install pcre-devel



# 需要ssl的支持，如果不需要ssl支持，请跳过这一步

# yum install openssl*



# gzip 类库安装，按需安装

# yum install zlib zlib-devel

$ tar -zxvf nginx-1.11.1.tar.gz

$ cd nginx-1.11.1

$ ./configure \

    --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \

    --with-http_stub_status_module  \

    --with-http_ssl_module \

    --with-http_realip_module \

    --with-http_sub_module \

    --with-http_gzip_static_module \

    --with-pcre

Configuration summary

  + using system PCRE library

  + using system OpenSSL library

  + md5: using OpenSSL library

  + sha1: using OpenSSL library

  + using system zlib library



  nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"

  nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

  nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"

  nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"

  nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"

  nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"

  nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"

  nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"

  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"

  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"

  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"

  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"

  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

make

make install

ln -sf /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin 

nginx -t

#user  nobody;

worker_processes  1;



#error_log  logs/error.log;

#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

#error_log  logs/error.log  info;



#pid        logs/nginx.pid;





events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}





http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    

    # 解决虚拟主机名字过长 http://www.jb51.net/article/26412.htm

    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; 



    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';



    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;



    sendfile        on;

    #tcp_nopush     on;



    #keepalive_timeout  0;

    keepalive_timeout  65;



    #gzip  on;

    

    autoindex on;# 显示目录

    autoindex_exact_size on;# 显示文件大小

    autoindex_localtime on;# 显示文件时间

    

    include vhosts/*.conf;



}

server {

    listen       80;

    server_name  localhost;



    #charset utf-8;



    #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;



    location / {

        root   /www/www/;

        index  index.php index.html index.htm;

    }



    #error_page  404              /404.html;



    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

    #

    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

    location = /50x.html {

        root   html;

    }



    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

    #

    #location ~ \.php$ {

    #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;

    #}



    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

    #

    location ~ \.php$ {

        root           /www/www/;

        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;

        fastcgi_index  index.php;

        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

        include        fastcgi_params;

    }

}

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx



# 或者

nginx

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload



# 或者

nginx -s reload

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop



# 或者

nginx -s stop

chkconfig --list

chkconfig nginx on

service apache off

三、安装扩展

wget https://github.com/swoole/swoole-src/archive/swoole-1.8.5-stable.zip

unzip swoole-1.8.5-stable.zip

cd swoole-1.8.5-stable

phpize

./configure

make && make install

wget https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis/archive/2.2.4.tar.gz

tar -zxvf 2.2.4

cd phpredis-2.2.4/

phpize

./configure 

make && make install

四、信号管理

kill -HUP 旧/新版主进程号

kill -QUIT 旧/新主进程号

kill -TERM 旧/新工作进程号

kill -USR2 旧版程序的主进程号或进程文件名

# wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz   

# tar xzvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz   

# cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2   

# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize   

Configuring for:   

PHP Api Version: 20041225   

Zend Module Api No: 20060613   

Zend Extension Api No: 220060519   

# ./configure

checking for mysql_config... not found  

configure: error: Cannot find MySQL header files under

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config /usr/bin/mysql_config

checking for PDO includes... checking for PDO includes...  

configure: error: Cannot find php_pdo_driver.h.

./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config (根据实际的路径的来指定)

error: mysql_query missing!?

./configure --with-php-config=/opt/php5/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql

make && make install

extension=/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/pdo_mysql.so

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget 'http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz'

# tar zxf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz

# cd httpd-2.4.25

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so --enable-rewrite --with-mpm=worker

checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure: 
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure: 
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found.  Please read the documentation.

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-1.5.2.tar.gz

# tar zxf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr 

# make && make install

configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating include/apr.h
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
rm: cannot remove `libtoolT': No such file or directory
config.status: executing default commands

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so --enable-rewrite --with-mpm=worker --with-apr=/usr/local/apr

checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure: 
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure: 
checking for APR... yes
  setting CC to "gcc"
  setting CPP to "gcc -E"
  setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"
  setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
  setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure: 
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure: 
checking for APR-util... no
configure: error: APR-util not found.  Please read the documentation.

# wget 'http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz'

# tar zxf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz

# cd apr-util-1.5.2

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config

# make && make install

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so --enable-rewrite --with-mpm=worker --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util

# make && make install